Dr Tan is a Professor of Psychology at the Fuller Theological Seminary. He shared an article written by him that covers the appropriate and ethical use of prayer including inner healing prayer, and Scripture in a Christian approach to cognitive-behavioral (CBT). Expanded CBT now includes Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy.
Unlike CBT, there is little emphasis in MBCT on changing the content of thoughts; rather, the emphasis is on changing awareness of and relationship to thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations. Aspects of CBT included in MBCT are primarily those designed to facilitate ‘decentered’ views such as ‘Thoughts are not facts’ and ‘I am not my thoughts.’ Clients are taught to disengage from habitual (‘automatic’) dysfunctional cognitive routines, in particular depression-related ruminative thought patterns, as a way to reduce future risk of relapse and recurrence of depression. MBCT was specifically designed for remitted patients.
ACT is a functional contextual intervention approach based on Relational Frame Theory, which views human suffering as originating in psychological inflexibility fostered by cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. In the context of a therapeutic relationship, ACT brings direct contingencies and indirect verbal processes to bear on the experiential establishment of greater psychological flexibility through 6 core processes: -
1. Acceptance
2. Cognitive Defusion
3. Being Present
4. Self as Context: A transcendent sense of Self
5. Values
6. Committed Action
ACT is unusual in that it is linked to a comprehensive active basic research program on the nature of human language and cognition.
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